PLANT / ARTWORKS ARCHIVE
Coastal Wattle
Acacia cyclops, karoo (Akaċja tal-Għajn)
Acacia is a genus of shrubs and trees. These trees grow fast but do not live for very long, usually about 15 to 30 years. Acacias are well-known for their unique leaves, which are small and divided into many parts, giving them a fern-like look. In dry areas, the trees shed all their leaves to save water. Acacias are easily recognized by their fragrant flowers, which are small, yellow, or white. The flowers are assembled in individual knots. They also have pods and thorns. The combination of feathery leaves, seedpods, and flowers makes these trees unique.
In Malta, there are three common species of Acacia: Acacia cyclops, Acacia karroo, and Acacia saligna (also known as A. cynophylla). None of these species are native to Malta. They have spread widely and are hard to control, sometimes causing negative effects on the local biodiversity and ecosystem. Malta Environment & Planning Authority (MEPA) recommends gradually removing these species from rural areas and urban outskirts. They also do not allow any more planting of these species.
Ruth Ancilleri
Acacia, drawing on acetate, 2024
Sea Squill
Drimia maritima (Għansar)
A perennial plant which grows from a large bulb at the soil surface. This is a very common plant.
Native to the Mediterranean region, it thrives in sandy and rocky coastal habitats. The plant is notable for its large, bulbous base, which can be partially exposed above ground. The leaves are broad, smooth and shiny. Each autumn, it produces a striking floral display: tall flower spikes up to two meters in height, adorned with numerous small, white to pale pink star-shaped flowers. These flowers attract a variety of pollinators, contributing to the plant's reproductive success.
The sea squill has a long history of use in traditional medicine, particularly for its potent cardiac glycosides, compounds similar to those found in digitalis, used to treat heart conditions. However, these compounds are highly toxic if not used correctly, making the plant both a valuable medicinal resource and a potential hazard. Beyond its medicinal uses, the Sea Squill is also employed as a rodenticide in some cultures due to its toxicity.
Ecologically, Urginea maritima plays an important role in its native habitats. Its deep root system helps stabilise soil in coastal areas, preventing erosion.
The plant is poisonous if not well processed, therefore we will not publish any recipes.
Sarah Maria Scicluna
Every Leaf is Reassuring, pen on archival paper, 2024
Sarah Maria Scicluna
I’m Still Looking for a Sanctuary, pen on archival paper, 2024
Sarah Maria Scicluna
The Triumph of Flora, pen on archival paper, 2024
Sarah Maria Scicluna
Weeds are Flowers Too , pen on archival paper, 2024
Sarah Maria Scicluna
The Verdant Conquerer, pen on archival paper, 2024
Dandelion
Taraxacum bithynicum (Ċikwejra salvaġġa)
The dandelion, an indigenous perennial plant, existed on the Maltese Islands before the arrival of humans, and is native to Eurasia and North America. It is recognized for its yellow flower heads that ultimately transform into spherical clusters of silver-tufted fruits which get scattered into the air. It thrives in various locations globally and shows resilience in different environments.
Despite being considered a weed by some, the common dandelion has a rich history of medicinal and culinary uses. Its leaves are edible and rich in vitamins and minerals, often used in salads or cooked as greens. Additionally, the roots of the Dandelion have been traditionally used in herbal medicine to support liver health and aid digestion. The plant's bright yellow flowers are also a vital early food source for pollinators such as bees and butterflies, contributing to ecosystem health. However, its prolific seed production and ability to thrive in a wide range of habitats have also led to it being viewed as invasive in some regions.
Ruth Ancilleri
Taraxacum 1, drawing on acetate, 2024
Ruth Ancilleri
Taraxacum 2, drawing on acetate, 2024
Friar’s Cowl
Arisarum vulgare (Garni tal-Pipì)
Native to the Mediterranean region, this perennial herbaceous plant is known for its distinctive inflorescence, which resembles a friar's cowl or hood. Mostly present in maquis and sheltered rocky areas but can also be found in high garigue, abandoned fields, disturbed ground with dumped soil and wooded areas. Prefers mostly partial shade and moist soil but can thrive in exposed rocky ground.
Its leaves are heart-shaped and glossy, forming a lush, green rosette. The flowering period occurs in late winter to early spring, when the plant produces its characteristic flowers. These flowers consist of a tubular spathe, usually brown or purple with white streaks. This unusual structure is not only visually striking but also serves an important ecological function. The spathe acts as a trap for small insects, which are lured by the flower's scent and temporarily imprisoned within, facilitating pollination. Beyond its ecological role, the Friar's Cowl has garnered interest for its potential medicinal properties, particularly in traditional remedies. While it was used to cure headaches and joint pain, this is still not proven scientifically.
The plant is poisonous if not well processed, therefore we will not publish any recipes.
Sarah Maria Scicluna
Reclamation of the Forgotten, pen on archival paper, 2024
Bermuda Buttercup
Oxalis pes-caprae (Ħaxixa Ingliża)
Oxalis pes-caprae, commonly known as Bermuda buttercup, is a perennial herb not native to Malta, but became naturalized in the Mediterrenean. This plant is characterised by its trifoliate leaves and bright yellow, five-petaled flowers that bloom predominantly in the winter and spring. Each leaf is composed of three heart-shaped leaflets, and the plant forms dense mats that can dominate landscapes.
Despite its cheerful appearance, Oxalis pes-caprae poses significant ecological challenges. It competes with native flora for resources, often leading to reduced biodiversity in the affected areas. Its persistence and hardiness make it difficult to eradicate once established. Control methods typically include a combination of mechanical removal and the use of herbicides, though repeated efforts are usually necessary due to the plant's robust underground bulb system.
In addition to its invasive nature, this plant contains oxalic acid, which can be toxic to livestock if ingested in large quantities. Nonetheless, in some cultures, its leaves are used sparingly in culinary applications, adding a tart flavour to dishes. The stem has a lemony sweet taste, and it was common for children to drink the stem.
The plant is poisonous if not well processed, therefore we will not publish any recipes.
Sarah Maria Scicluna
The Corners are Always Ignored, pen on archival paper, 2024
Spiny Caper
Capparis Spinoza (Kappar)
Capparis spinosa is a winter deciduous perennial which flourishes in a semi-arid or arid climate. It is native to the Mediterranean region, East Africa, Madagascar, the Himalayas, parts of Asia, the Pacific islands, Idomalayam and Australia, however, it is also cultivated in many other countries such as Spain, France, Italy and Algeria. Capparis grows horizontally, reaching 1 metre in height and 2 metres in spread. It is a fast grower and as its species name implies, it has spines that grow at the base of each leaf stalk, on its multi-branches. Its leaves are alternate, round to ovate, thick and shiny. It bears large, brown seed pods.
Graceful, delicate, sweet-scented flowers can be seen in the hot summer period, opening at dawn and closing by sunset. They are about 5cm in diameter, with pinkish-white petals and countless violet stamens which attract insects. The caper fruits or the caper-berries, are harvested just before flowering, thus if grown for fruit, the sweet sight of the flowers must be renounced for the tangy, almost pungent, taste of the buds. These buds are usually pickled in oil, brine or vinegar, to be used to flavour fresh Maltese bread and other dishes. Due to its anti-inflammatory, antiviral and astringent properties, Capers also have numerous medical uses. It is also believed to be depurative, diuretic and to increase appetite.
Ruth Ancilleri
Flinders, drawing on acetate, 2024
Autumn Buttercup
Ranunculus bullatus (Ċfolloq)
This is a perennial herb with tuberous roots, whose leaves form a rosette. Flowers are yellow, which appear in Autumn. Predominantly found in the Mediterranean region, including southern Europe and parts of North Africa. This perennial herb is notable for its deeply lobed, glossy green leaves, which often exhibit a blistered texture. The bright yellow flowers, which bloom from autumn to early winter, feature overlapping petals that form a cup-like shape, creating a striking contrast against the darker foliage. It’s very common, mostly appearing in garigue and rocky steppes.
This plant is well-adapted to its Mediterranean climate, exhibiting a remarkable resilience to seasonal variations in temperature and moisture. In addition to its ornamental appeal, this species plays a crucial role in supporting local biodiversity, providing nectar and pollen for various pollinators. It was used to cure rheumatism and fevers.
The plant is poisonous if not well processed, therefore we will not publish any recipes.
Sarah Maria Scicluna
Amidst destruction, All in bloom, pen on archival paper, 2024
Sarah Maria Scicluna
A Soft Blanket Made of Leaves, pen on archival paper, 2024
Artichoke Thistle
Cynara cardunculus (Qaqoċċ tax-Xewk)
A herbaceous perennial plant native to the Mediterrenean region with large and spiny leaves. The plant features deeply lobed, silvery-green leaves that form a striking rosette, and it can grow up to 1.5 meters tall. During summer, it produces tall flower stalks topped with large, thistle-like blooms that are purple to blue in colour, attracting bees and other pollinators.It usually flowers in early Summer and grows in steppes and garigues, at times on disturbed ground. It has purple flowers and is very common.
Cardoon has been cultivated since ancient times for both culinary and medicinal purposes. The thick, fleshy stalks are edible and are traditionally blanched to reduce bitterness before being used in various Mediterranean dishes. Rich in fiber, vitamins, and antioxidants, Artichoke Thistle is valued for its nutritional benefits. Medicinally, it has been used to support liver health and improve digestion.
Ecologically, Cynara cardunculus plays a vital role in its native habitat, providing food for pollinators and acting as a pioneer species in disturbed soils. Despite its benefits, it can become invasive in non-native areas, outcompeting local flora.
Sarah Maria Scicluna
The Future is Foliage, pen on archival paper, 2024
Sarah Maria Scicluna
Even Thorns have their Grace, pen on archival paper, 2024
Giant Fennel
Ferula communis (Ferla, Qasbija)
Ferula communis, commonly known as giant fennel, is a perennial herbaceous plant native to the Mediterranean region. It is notable for its towering, bamboo-like stalks that can reach up to 3 meters in height. The plant features large, feathery leaves and produces yellow, umbrella-shaped flower clusters, or umbels, during the spring and early summer.
Historically, giant fennel has held significant cultural and practical importance. In ancient times, its hollow stems were used to carry fire from one place to another, as they burn slowly without extinguishing quickly. This practice is famously referenced in the myth of Prometheus. Additionally, various parts of Ferula communis have been utilized in traditional medicine for their purported anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.
Ecologically, giant fennel plays a crucial role in its native habitats. It provides a vital food source for a variety of insects, including pollinators such as bees and butterflies. The plant's extensive root system helps prevent soil erosion and supports soil health. However, all parts of Ferula communis contain toxic compounds, particularly furanocoumarins, which can be harmful if ingested by livestock and humans. Ferula communis 'Gigantea' is not the edible fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), infact, if consumed in large amount, this plant is toxic.
The plant is poisonous, therefore we will not publish any recipes.
Sarah Maria Scicluna
Solace Grows in Stillness, pen on archival paper, 2024
Ruth Ancilleri
Ferla, drawing on acetate, 2024
Alexanders
Smyrnium olusatrum (Karfus il-Ħmir)
Smyrnium olusatrum, commonly known as Alexanders, is a biennial herb native to the Mediterranean region and widely naturalized across Europe. This plant can reach heights of up to 1.5 meters and is characterized by its glossy, dark green leaves and robust, hollow stems. In spring, Alexanders produces small, yellow-green flowers, which later give way to clusters of shiny black seeds.
Historically, Alexanders was a staple in ancient Roman and medieval European cuisine, valued for its versatility as both a vegetable and an herb. All parts of the plant are edible, with a taste that is often described as a mix between celery and parsley. The stems can be blanched and used like asparagus, while the leaves and seeds serve as flavorful additions to various dishes.
Ecologically, Smyrnium olusatrum is a hardy plant which grows in disturbed habitats, especially in sheltered and fertile soil. It is very common. It often becomes one of the first plants to colonize disturbed soils, playing a role in stabilizing and enriching the habitat. Despite its historical significance and culinary uses, Alexanders has become less common in modern times, overshadowed by more contemporary vegetables.
While no one uses this medicinally anymore, it used to be used for the treatment of asthma, menstrual problems and wounds. It was also used to cleanse the blood and strengthen the stomach.
Sarah Maria Scicluna
Where the Wild Flowers Grow , pen on archival paper, 2024
Sarah Maria Scicluna
A Path to Whispered Wishes, pen on archival paper, 2024
Sarah Maria Scicluna
An Emerald Victory , pen on archival paper, 2024
Mediterrenean Heath
Erica multiflora (Leħjet ix-Xiħ)
Mediterranean heath or many-flowered heath, is a perennial shrub native to the Mediterranean basin. This hardy plant thrives in sunny, well-drained locations, often found in rocky hillsides, coastal areas, and garrigue habitats. It typically grows up to 1 meter in height and is distinguished by its dense clusters of small, tubular pink to purple flowers, which bloom from late summer to winter.
The foliage of Erica multiflora consists of small, needle-like leaves arranged in whorls, giving the plant a fine-textured appearance. Its abundant blossoms are not only visually striking but also serve as an essential nectar source for bees and other pollinators during the cooler months when few other plants are in bloom. This makes it a critical species for maintaining pollinator populations in Mediterranean ecosystems.
Ecologically, Erica multiflora plays a vital role in soil stabilization and preventing erosion in its native habitats. It is also well-adapted to the environments of the Mediterranean. Despite its ecological benefits, the plant's resilience and aggressive growth can sometimes lead to it becoming invasive in non-native areas.
While not used medicinally anymore, it was used as an antiseptic, astringent and diuretic. It was also used to be used in rituals to call on positive spirits.
Sarah Maria Scicluna
Thriving Where Nothing Else Will, pen on archival paper, 2024
Sarah Maria Scicluna
Each Petal Holds a Promise, pen on archival paper, 2024
Bay Laurel
Laurus nobilis (Randa)
Native to the Mediterranean region, Laurus nobilis is an evergreen shrub or a small tree. Its glossy, dark green broad and aromatic leaves make this tree so elegant and popular. Laurus nobilis is dioecious meaning that male and female flowers are originated on separate plants. The small flowers, which are pale yellowish-green and appear in pairs near the leaves, bloom in spring, followed black, shiny, berry-like fruits in autumn.
The bay laurel is renowned for its ornamental value and is commonly utilized in landscaping due to its ability to flourish in winter, low maintenance requirements, and its formal appearance in topiary gardens.
The leaves are broadly used in Mediterranean cuisine to enhance different flavours, while its oils are known for their important medicinal properties, such as easing arthritis, rheumatism, high blood pressure and many more. The scarcity of Laurel nobilis in the Maltese countryside has led to its classification as a threatened species. It is believed to be indigenous and is legally protected under the Malta Environment and Planning Authority (MEPA) Regulations.
Ruth Ancilleri
Bay Laurel, drawing on acetate, 2024
Common Fig
Ficus carica (Tina)
Ficus Carica is a deciduous tree in the Mulberry family, growing at a moderate rate into leafy shrubs or small trees with a relatively spreading form. Originating in the Middle East and Western Asia, this plant has been cultivated in other regions with similar, especially for its appearance and unique fruit.
Its leaves are large, palm-shaped, alternating, and aromatic, rough on the upper part and hairy at the bottom, with an irregular indented border. These qualities give this tree a tropic feel, that makes so popular with interior designers. The bark is smooth, silvery-grey in colour and contains white latex that looks like milk.
The edible part is called syconium, which consists of a hollow ample structure, including numerous unisexual flowers, which cannot be seen from the outside. Most of the time they are egg-shaped or pear-shaped and varies in colour from yellow green to copper or dark purple. Different fruit is produced throughout the year; large figs or ‘bajtar’ in Maltese. True figs or ‘tin’, grow on the young branches and are later followed by the tin ‘imħawwar’. The fruits are broadly used in cakes, jams, sorbets, and to accompany meat and cheeses.
Although its latex can irritate the skin, it is considered a medical remedy in certain traditions and cultures. Furthermore, it is used as a protein-digestive enzyme, as an additive in tenderising meat and filtering beverages and in cheese production.
One can spot a lot of fig trees in Malta, particularly in valleys, disturbed urban areas and in rock fissures. As in other regions this species was probable introduced locally for its fruit.
Ruth Ancilleri
Ficus 1, pencil on paper, 2024
Ruth Ancilleri
Ficus 2, drawing on acetate, 2024
Ruth Ancilleri
Ficus 3, print on fabric, 2024
Tree Mallow
Lavatera arborea (Ħobbejża tas-Siġra)
Lavatera arborea, commonly known as tree mallow, is a biennial native to the coastal regions of Europe, North Africa, and the Mediterranean, it is well-adapted to sandy soils and saline environments. This robust plant can grow up to 2 meters in height, featuring large, rounded, lobed leaves with a slightly fuzzy texture. Its vibrant flowers bloom from late spring to autumn, are typically pink to purple with dark veins, attracting a variety of pollinators, including bees and butterflies. Locally we can also find the 'Ħobbejża Komuni' (common Mallow) and the 'Ħobbejża tal-Warda Kbira' (Annual Mallow).
Tree mallow plays a significant role in stabilizing coastal soils, preventing erosion, and providing shelter and food for wildlife. Its seeds are a food source for birds, and its flowers offer nectar and pollen for insects.
Lavatera arborea has a history of medicinal use. Traditional remedies have utilized its leaves and flowers for their emollient and anti-inflammatory properties, treating skin conditions and respiratory ailments. However, in some regions, it is considered invasive, capable of outcompeting native flora.
Mallow it is an edible plant, used Mediterranean cuisine, in salads and in stews. For example, Mallow is included in the Cretan ‘horta’ mix, which consist of assorted green leaves cooked in generous quantities of olive oil and seasoned with salt, pepper, and lemon.
Ruth Ancilleri
Mallow 4, pencil on paper, 2024
Ruth Ancilleri
Mallow 2, pencil on paper, 2024
Ruth Ancilleri
Mallow 3, pencil on paper, 2024
Ruth Ancilleri
Mallow 1, pencil on paper, 2024
Fiddle Dock
Rumex pulcher (Unknown)
Rumex pulcher, commonly known as Fiddle dock is a herbaceous perennial plant. Native to Europe, it has spread to various parts of the world, including North America, where it often thrives in disturbed soils and roadsides. This plant is characterised by its distinctive fiddle-shaped leaves, which are shiny and slightly undulating, providing the inspiration for its common name.
Fiddle dock typically grows up to 1 meter in height, with erect stems that bear clusters of small, greenish flowers. These flowers bloom from spring to early summer and are followed by reddish-brown seeds. The plant's robust root system allows it to withstand various environmental conditions, making it a resilient species in its habitats.
Ecologically, Rumex pulcher provides a food source for various insects and animals. Its seeds are eaten by birds, while the foliage can be a host for certain butterfly larvae.
The Fiddle dock has some traditional uses. Historically, it has been utilized for its mild astringent properties in herbal remedies. Its young leaves are also edible, often used in salads or cooked as greens.
Sarah Maria Scicluna
Nurturing Dreams in the Shade , pen on archival paper, 2024
Castor Tree
Ricinus communis (Riċnu)
Castor bean, also known as a vine, is a perennial herbaceous shrub or small tree that maintains its green foliage throughout the year. It may reach five metres in height, exhibiting rapid growth. The plant features palmate leaves, which resemble the shape of a hand; that’s why sometimes it ic called "the hand of Christ." Both male and female flowers, small and green in colour, are produced by the plant. The fruit is round and enclosed in a spiny capsule, containing only a few seeds that can be fatal if ingested. Once established, this species shows great resilience, thriving in various soil types and conditions, excluding cold temperatures. Ricinus communis is indigenous to Northeastern Africa and the Middle East.
The invasive nature of Ricinus has caused significant ecological disruptions in our rural areas. Its aggressive growth has led to the phase out of numerous native flora and fauna. This tree could reproduce in diverse locations, quickly becoming the dominant species once invading an area. The Malta Environment and Planning Authority (MEPA) recommends gradually removing it from both rural and urban regions.
The oil of this tree is considered as a natural moisturiser, can be used neat on skin, and be mixed with different essential oils in aromatherapy.
Ruth Ancilleri
Ricinus, pencil on paper, 2024
Greater Snapdragon
Antirrhinum tortuosum (Papoċċi)
Considered native, common bushy perennial, densely covered with narrow leaves. The deep pink flowers are followed by fruits that resemble inverted human skulls. It is geographically located in western Mediterranean areas; mostly found in slopes, cliffs, rubble walls, stone mounds fortifications and walls. This resilient species is well-adapted to the Mediterrenean climates. It typically grows to a height of 30-60 cm, featuring slender, wiry stems that often twist and turn, giving rise to its common name. The flowering period spans from February to May. A related species is the Anthirrhinum orontium. Papocca Irqiqa; which is commonly found in fields, meadows, gardens and valleys.
Ruth Ancilleri
Antirrhinum 2, drawing on acetate, 2024
Prickly Pear
Opuntia ficus indica (Bajtar tax-Xewk)
A large succulent shrub, up to about 3m high, which was grown in Mesoamerica much before the Spanish conquest. Mainly cultivated for its edible fruit, especially used in jams, liqueurs, and medicine. Also utilized as a protective hedge and as forage substitute for animals. It is believed that prickly pear cactus can lower blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes and high cholesterol.
As an invasive species, this shrub actively competes with native plants, especially in the cliff habitat known for its endemic species. Several fruits are regularly harvested, and very popular with the locals during summer. The types grown in Malta normally have spineless pads.
Ruth Ancilleri
Opuntia, drawing on acetate, 2024
Common Almond
Amygdalus Communis (Lewża)
The deciduous Amygdalus communis syn. Prunus dulcis grows into a small tree and most of the time doesn’t surpass seven meters. It has quite some similarities with other prunus trees, such as the peach tree. Though native to the Arabian Peninsula and Western Asia, the almond has been cultivated and naturalised well, in the Mediterranean countries as ancient times.
The leaves of the tree are long and indented, growing alternately on stems that are purple-grey in colour. The leaves are shed during winter, that later are followed by fragrant pinkish-white blossoms. The display of flowers depends on the cold weather experienced in winter. Since they are the Amygdalus trees are the first to bloom, their flowers initiate a special contrast with the maquis surroundings which are quite bare during that time of the year.
The fruit of the tree is a drupe; a fleshy fruit that contains a pit or stone in the centre. The flesh of the almond fruit is not edible, and the kernel or 'nut' is found within the stone. The nuts can be consumed in various ways such as raw, roasted, or flaked. They can also be used to make almond milk, almond butter, and almond flour for both sweet and savoury dishes. Additionally, almond oil can be extracted from the tree and used for massages and in beauty products. The tree also has significant medical uses, including the treatment of cough, headaches, and depression. The oil is particularly suitable for caring for the skin of babies and toddlers. Despite being native, this tree has naturalized well throughout Malta. Amygdalus communis is quite common in our countryside, adding a unique burst of colour during the winter season.
Ruth Ancilleri
Dulcinus, drawing on acetate, 2024
Environment Maps
These works have a different nature to the other ones as they are not representative of a single plant, but rather of a whole environment. 3D scanning technology was used to capture detailed images of pavements and sidewalks, including all the vegetation that had taken root in the cracks and crevices. This data was then transformed into drawings with generative qualities, creating abstract representations, somewhat similar to deconstructed maps.
Sarah Maria Scicluna
Quiet Rebellion, pen on archival paper, 2024
Sarah Maria Scicluna
A Tapestry of Green 1 , pen on archival paper, 2024
Sarah Maria Scicluna
Silent Protest, pen on archival paper, 2024
Sarah Maria Scicluna
A Tapestry of Green 2, pen on archival paper, 2024
Sarah Maria Scicluna
A Tapestry of Green 3 , pen on archival paper, 2024